Coverage
Zepbound for Sleep Apnea: The Coverage Route Most People Miss
Zepbound was FDA approved for moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea in December 2024. That indication opens a coverage path that weight-loss exclusions do not block.
Analysis
GLP-1 Blog
Long-form analysis of the research, pricing and regulation shaping GLP-1 treatment. Every article is source-cited to a primary record and medically reviewed. Updated July 23, 2026.
Research
SURPASS-CVOT: What Tirzepatide's Cardiovascular Trial Did and Did Not Prove
SURPASS-CVOT compared tirzepatide against dulaglutide over four years. It met noninferiority but not superiority — a distinction the marketing frequently blurs.
Research
You May Not Need the Full Dose Forever: Inside SURMOUNT-MAINTAIN
The first dedicated trial of reduced-dose maintenance found 5 mg held most — but not all — of the weight loss achieved at higher doses.
Regulation
Compounded GLP-1s Are Gone: What Changed and What Replaced Them
Compounding of semaglutide and tirzepatide was permitted only during shortage. Both shortages resolved and the enforcement grace periods expired in 2025.
Comparison
Tirzepatide vs Semaglutide: The Head-to-Head Result, and Its Four Limits
SURMOUNT-5 randomised the same population to both drugs for 72 weeks. Tirzepatide won on weight and waist — but that does not settle which drug you should take.
Research
What Happens When You Stop: The Weight-Regain Evidence
SURMOUNT-4 randomised people who had already lost weight to continue or stop. The result reframes GLP-1 treatment as long-term therapy.
Cost
Zepbound Without Insurance: What Self-Pay Actually Costs
Manufacturer direct pricing runs $299 to $449 a month by dose, against a retail list price near $1,086. Here is how the tiers work and where the traps are.
Access
Your GLP-1 Prior Authorisation Was Denied. Here Is What Actually Works.
Most denials fail on documentation, not merit. The difference between a denial and an exclusion determines which appeal route can succeed.
Evidence
GLP-1 Microdosing: What the Evidence Actually Says
Microdosing below the studied range is marketed as a cheaper, gentler route. No randomised trial has evaluated it.
Body composition
Muscle Loss on GLP-1s: Separating the Evidence From the Panic
Losing lean mass alongside fat happens with all substantial weight loss. What is new is the scale and speed these drugs make possible.
Safety
GLP-1s and Surgery: Why Anaesthetists Need to Know Before the Day
Delayed gastric emptying breaks the assumption behind standard preoperative fasting. Anaesthesia bodies have issued specific guidance.
Safety
GLP-1 Side Effects: What Happens, and When
Gastrointestinal effects cluster around dose changes rather than spreading evenly. Knowing the pattern makes them far more manageable.
Safety
GLP-1s, Pregnancy and Birth Control: The Interaction Most Intakes Miss
Delayed gastric emptying can affect oral contraceptive absorption, and weight loss can restore fertility. Together that is a combination worth planning for.